International Headache Society. The International Classification of Headache Disorders: 2nd edition. Cephalalgia 2004;24 Suppl 1:
9-160.
Stovner L, Hagen K, Jensen R, Katsarava Z, Lipton R, Scher A, et al.
The global burden of headache: a documentation of headache prevalence and disability worldwide. Cephalalgia 2007;27: 193-210.
Torelli P, Castellini P, Cucurachi L, Devetak M, Lambru G, Manzoni GC.
Cluster headache prevalence: methodological considerations. A review of the literature. Acta Biomed 2006;77: 4-9.
Kernick D, Matharu MS, Goadsby PJ. Cluster headache in primary care:
unmissable, underdiagnosed and undertreated. Br J Gen Pract 2006;56:
486-7.
May A, Leone M, Afra J, Linde M, Sandor PS, Evers S, et al. EFNS guidelines on the treatment of cluster headache and other trigeminal-autonomic cephalalgias. Eur J Neurol 2006;13: 1066-77.
Favier I, Haan J, Ferrari MD. Chronic cluster headache: a review. J Headache Pain 2005;6: 3-9.
Benoliel R, Robinson S, Eliav E, Sharav Y. Hemicrania continua. J Orofac Pain 2002;16: 317-25.
Dowson AJ, Lipscombe S, Sender J, Rees T, Watson D. New guidelines for the management of migraine in primary care. Curr Med Res Opin 2002;18:
414-39.
MacGregor EA, Brandes J, Eikermann A. Migraine prevalence and treatment patterns: the global Migraine and Zolmitriptan Evaluation survey.
Headache 2003;43: 19-26.
Ducros A, Tournier-Lasserve E, Bousser MG. The genetics of migraine.
Lancet Neurol 2002;1: 285-93.
Johannes CB, Linet MS, Stewart WF, Celentano DD, Lipton RB, Szklo M.
Relationship of headache to phase of the menstrual cycle among young women: a daily diary study. Neurology 1995;45: 1076-82.
Kornstein SG, Parker AJ. Menstrual migraines: etiology, treatment, and relationship to premenstrual syndrome. Curr Opin Obstet Gynecol 1997;9:
154-9.
Lipton RB, Bigal ME, Diamond M, Freitag F, Reed ML, Stewart WF.
Migraine prevalence, disease burden, and the need for preventive therapy. Neurology 2007;68: 343-9.
Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Diamond S, Diamond ML, Reed M. Prevalence and burden of migraine in the United States: data from the American Migraine Study II. Headache 2001;41: 646-57.
Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Scher AI. Epidemiology and economic impact of migraine. Curr Med Res Opin 2001;17 Suppl 1: s4-12.
Abduljabbar M, Ogunniyi A, al Balla S, Alballaa S, al-Dalaan A.
Prevalence of primary headache syndrome in adults in the Qassim region of Saudi Arabia. Headache 1996;36: 385-8.
Alders EE, Hentzen A, Tan CT. A community-based prevalence study on headache in Malaysia. Headache 1996;36: 379-84.
Cheung RT. Prevalence of migraine, tension-type headache, and other headaches in Hong Kong. Headache 2000;40: 473-9.
Clarke CE, MacMillan L, Sondhi S, Wells NE. Economic and social impact of migraine. QJM 1996;89: 77-84.
Edmeads J, Findlay H, Tugwell P, Pryse-Phillips W, Nelson RF, Murray TJ. Impact of migraine and tension-type headache on life-style,
consulting behaviour, and medication use: a Canadian population survey.
Can J Neurol Sci 1993;20: 131-7.
Gobel H, Petersen-Braun M, Soyka D. The epidemiology of headache in Germany: a nationwide survey of a representative sample on the basis of the headache classification of the International Headache Society.
Cephalalgia 1994;14: 97-106.
Hagen K, Zwart JA, Vatten L, Stovner LJ, Bovim G. Prevalence of migraine and non-migrainous headache--head-HUNT, a large population-based study. Cephalalgia 2000;20: 900-6.
Henry P, Auray JP, Gaudin AF, Dartigues JF, Duru G, Lanteri-Minet M, et al. Prevalence and clinical characteristics of migraine in France.
Neurology 2002;59: 232-7.
Launer LJ, Terwindt GM, Ferrari MD. The prevalence and characteristics of migraine in a population-based cohort: the GEM study. Neurology 1999;53: 537-42.
Lipton RB, Scher AI, Kolodner K, Liberman J, Steiner TJ, Stewart WF.
Migraine in the United States: epidemiology and patterns of health care use. Neurology 2002;58: 885-94.
Mitchell P, Wang JJ, Currie J, Cumming RG, Smith W. Prevalence and vascular associations with migraine in older Australians. Aust N Z J Med 1998;28: 627-32.
Russell MB, Rasmussen BK, Thorvaldsen P, Olesen J. [Prevalence and sex distribution of different forms of migraine]. Ugeskr Laeger 1996;158:
1369-72.
Sakai F, Igarashi H. Prevalence of migraine in Japan: a nationwide survey. Cephalalgia 1997;17: 15-22.
Steiner TJ, Scher AI, Stewart WF, Kolodner K, Liberman J, Lipton RB.
The prevalence and disability burden of adult migraine in England and their relationships to age, gender and ethnicity. Cephalalgia 2003;23:
519-27.
Tekle Haimanot R, Seraw B, Forsgren L, Ekbom K, Ekstedt J. Migraine,
chronic tension-type headache, and cluster headache in an Ethiopian rural community. Cephalalgia 1995;15: 482-8.
Stewart WF, Lipton RB, Liberman J. Variation in migraine prevalence by race. Neurology 1996;47: 52-9.
Waters WE. Migraine: intelligence, social class, and familial prevalence. Br Med J 1971;2: 77-81.
Hu XH, Markson LE, Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Berger ML. Burden of migraine in the United States: disability and economic costs. Arch Intern Med 1999;159: 813-8.
Gerth WC, Carides GW, Dasbach EJ, Visser WH, Santanello NC. The multinational impact of migraine symptoms on healthcare utilisation and work loss. Pharmacoeconomics 2001;19: 197-206.
Stang PE, Crown WH, Bizier R, Chatterton ML, White R. The family impact and costs of migraine. Am J Manag Care 2004;10: 313-20.
Tepper SJ, Dahlof CG, Dowson A, Newman L, Mansbach H, Jones M, et al.
Prevalence and diagnosis of migraine in patients consulting their physician with a complaint of headache: data from the Landmark Study.
Headache 2004;44: 856-64.
Lipton RB, Dodick D, Sadovsky R, Kolodner K, Endicott J, Hettiarachchi J, et al. A self-administered screener for migraine in primary care:
The ID Migraine validation study. Neurology 2003;61: 375-82.
Pryse-Phillips W, Aube M, Gawel M, Nelson R, Purdy A, Wilson K. A headache diagnosis project. Headache 2002;42: 728-37.
Dowson A, Shapero G, Baos V, Smith R, Sakai F, Lacoste J, et al.
Primary care needs assessment for guidance on headache management.
Headache Care 2004;2: 43-6.
Silberstein SD. Practice parameter: evidence-based guidelines for migraine headache (an evidence-based review): report of the Quality Standards Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology 2000;55: 754-62.
MacGregor EA, Brandes J, Gendolla A, Giammarco R. Migraine treatment strategies: the global Migraine And Zolmitriptan Evaluation (MAZE)
survey--phase IV. Curr Med Res Opin 2004;20: 1777-83.
Migraine in Primary Care Advisors (MIPCA). MIPCA guidelines for the management of migraine. 2003. (Accessed 3 May, 2007, at http://www.mipca.org.uk/pdf/MIPCA_CD.pdf.)
Ferrari MD. Migraine. Lancet 1998;351: 1043-51.
Ferrari MD, Saxena PR. On serotonin and migraine: a clinical and pharmacological review. Cephalalgia 1993;13: 151-65.
Goadsby PJ, Hoskin KL. Inhibition of trigeminal neurons by intravenous administration of the serotonin (5HT)1B/D receptor agonist zolmitriptan
(311C90): are brain stem sites therapeutic target in migraine? Pain 1996;67: 355-9.
Dowson AJ, MacGregor EA, Purdy RA, Becker WJ, Green J, Levy SL.
Zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablet is effective in the acute treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 2002;22: 101-6.
Gawel M, Aschoff J, May A, Charlesworth BR. Zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray: efficacy and onset of action in the acute treatment of migraine--results from phase 1 of the REALIZE Study. Headache 2005;45:
7-16.
Gawel M, Worthington I. Intranasal zolmitriptan. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2005;6: 1019-24.
Dowson AJ, Mathew NT, Pascual J. Review of clinical trials using early acute intervention with oral triptans for migraine management. Int J Clin Pract 2006;60: 698-706.
Cady R, Dodick DW. Diagnosis and treatment of migraine. Mayo Clin Proc 2002;77: 255-61.
Martin VT, Goldstein JA. Evaluating the safety and tolerability profile of acute treatments for migraine. Am J Med 2005;118 Suppl 1:
36S-44S.
Nappi G, Sandrini G, Sances G. Tolerability of the triptans: clinical implications. Drug Saf 2003;26: 93-107.
Tepper SJ, Millson D. Safety profile of the triptans. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2003;2: 123-32.
Rapoport AM, Tepper SJ, Bigal ME, Sheftell FD. The triptan formulations: how to match patients and products. CNS Drugs 2003;17:
431-47.
Ryan R, Diamond S, Giammarco R, Aurora S, Reed R, Fletcher P. Efficacy of zolmitriptan at early time-points for the acute treatment of migraine and treatment of recurrence: a randomised, placebo-controlled trial. CNS Drugs 2000;13: 215-26.
Schoenen J, Sawyer J. Zolmitriptan (Zomig, 311C90), a novel dual central and peripheral 5HT1B/1D agonist: an overview of efficacy.
Cephalalgia 1997;17 Suppl 18: 28-40.
Tuchman M, Edvinsson L, Geraud G, Korczyn A, Mauskop A, Pfaffenrath V.
Zolmitriptan provides consistent migraine relief when used in the long-term. Curr Med Res Opin 1999;15: 272-81.
Tfelt-Hansen P, Saxena PR, Dahlof C, Pascual J, Lainez M, Henry P, et al. Ergotamine in the acute treatment of migraine: a review and European consensus. Brain 2000;123 (Pt 1): 9-18.
Black DF. Sporadic and familial hemiplegic migraine: diagnosis and treatment. Semin Neurol 2006;26: 208-16.
Snow V, Weiss K, Wall EM, Mottur-Pilson C. Pharmacologic management of acute attacks of migraine and prevention of migraine headache. Ann Intern Med 2002;137: 840-9.
Modi S, Lowder DM. Medications for migraine prophylaxis. Am Fam Physician 2006;73: 72-8.
Pryse-Phillips WE, Dodick DW, Edmeads JG, Gawel MJ, Nelson RF, Purdy RA, et al. Guidelines for the diagnosis and management of migraine in clinical practice. Canadian Headache Society. CMAJ 1997;156:
1273-87.
Rahimtoola H, Buurma H, Tijssen CC, Leufkens HG, Egberts AC. Reduction in the therapeutic intensity of abortive migraine drug use during ACE inhibition therapy--a pilot study. Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf 2004;13:
41-7.
Bigal ME, Rapoport AM, Sheftell FD, Tepper SJ. New migraine preventive options: an update with pathophysiological considerations. Rev Hosp Clin Fac Med Sao Paulo 2002;57: 293-8.
Schrader H, Stovner LJ, Helde G, Sand T, Bovim G. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor
(lisinopril): randomised, placebo controlled, crossover study. BMJ 2001;322: 19-22.
Tronvik E, Stovner LJ, Helde G, Sand T, Bovim G. Prophylactic treatment of migraine with an angiotensin II receptor blocker: a randomized controlled trial. JAMA 2003;289: 65-9.
Lipton RB, Stewart WF, Stone AM, Lainez MJ, Sawyer JP. Stratified care vs step care strategies for migraine: the Disability in Strategies of Care (DISC) Study: A randomized trial. JAMA 2000;284: 2599-605.
Sculpher M, Millson D, Meddis D, Poole L. Cost-effectiveness analysis of stratified versus stepped care strategies for acute treatment of migraine: The Disability in Strategies for Care (DISC) Study.
Pharmacoeconomics 2002;20: 91-100.
Almqvist P. Optimising treatment for migraine patients using the ZAP migraine treatment algorithm and triptan formulation finder. Headache Care 2005; 2: 251-5
Yates R, Sörensen J, Bergström M, et al. Distribution of intranasal 11C-zolmitriptan assessed by positron emission tomography. Cephalalgia 2005; 25: 1103-9
Kågedal M, Zingmark P-H,Yates R, et al. True nasopharyngeal absorption of zolmitriptan after administration by nasal spray in healthy male volunteers.Am J Drug Deliv 2005; 3: 133-40
Uemura N, Onishi T, Mitaniyama A, et al. Bioequivalence and rapid absorption of zolmitriptan nasal spray compared with oral tablets in healthy Japanese subjects. Clin Drug Invest 2005; 25: 199-208
Wall A, Kågedal M, Bergström M, et al. Distribution of zolmitriptan into the CNS in healthy volunteers. Drugs R D 2005;
6: 139-47
Gawel M,Aschoff J, May A, et al. Zolmitriptan 5 mg nasal spray:
efficacy and onset of action in the acute treatment of migraine-results from phase I of the REALIZE study. Headache 2005; 45: 7-16
Dodick D, Brandes J, Elkind A, et al. Speed of onset,
efficacy and tolerability of zolmitriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine: a randomised,
double-blind, placebo-controlled study. CNS Drugs 2005; 19:
125-36
Charlesworth BR, Dowson AJ, Purdy A, et al. Speed of onset and efficacy of zolmitriptan nasal spray in the acute treatment of migraine. A randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, dose-ranging study versus zolmitriptan tablet. CNS Drugs 2003; 17: 653-67
Dowson AJ, Charlesworth BR, Purdy A, et al. Tolerability and consistency of effect of zolmitriptan nasal spray in a long-term migraine treatment trial. CNS Drugs 2003; 17: 839-51
Dowson AJ, Charlesworth BR, Green J, et al. Zolmitriptan nasal spray exhibits good long-term safety and tolerability in migraine:
results of the INDEX trial. Headache 2005; 45: 17-24
Gawel M,Aschoff J, Charlesworth BR, on behalf of the REALIZE Study Group.Treatment satisfaction with zolmitriptan nasal spray for migraine in a real life setting: results from phase two of the REALIZE study.
J Headache Pain 2005; 6: 405-11
Gawel M, Aschoff J, May A. High levels of satisfaction in patients treating migraine with zolmitriptan nasal spray in a real life setting:
results from phase 2 of the REALIZE study. Neurology 2004;62(7 Suppl 5):A151, Abs P02.112.
Boes Hansen S. Effectiveness and patient satisfaction with zolmitriptan nasal spray 5 mg in clinical practice: a patient survey. Headache Care 2005; 2: 127-32
Dahlöf C, Linde, M, Kerekes E. Zomitriptan nasal spray provides fast relief on migraine symptoms and is preferred by patients: a Swedish study of preference in clinical practice. J Headache Pain 2004; 5:
237-42
Rapoport A, Dowson A, Charlesworth B, et al. Zolmitriptan conventional and orally disintegrating tablets achieve headache response as early as 30 minutes post-treatment: results of a pooled data analysis. Neurology 2003; 60 (5 Suppl. 1):
P03.150
Loder E, Freitag FG, Adelman J, et al. Pain-free rates with zolmitriptan 2.5 mg ODT in the acute treatment of migraine:
results of a large double-blind placebo-controlled trial. Curr Med Res Opin 2005; 21: 381-9
Spierings ELH, Rapoport AM, Dodick DW, et al. Acute treatment of migraine with zolmitriptan 5 mg orally disintegrating tablet.> CNS Drugs 2004; 18: 1133-41
Dowson AJ, MacGregor EA, Purdy RA, et al. Zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablet is effective in the acute treatment of migraine. Cephalalgia 2002; 22: 101-6
Dowson A, Charlesworth B. Patients with migraine prefer zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablet to sumatriptan conventional tablet. Int J Clin Pract 2003; 57: 573-6
Charlesworth B,Wasiewski W, Moran D. Migraine patients prefer the zolmitriptan orally disintegrating tablet formulation to the rizatriptan wafer tablet formulation: an assessment of taste and ease of use. Headache 2002; 42: 391-2
Schoenen J, Sawyer J. Zolmitriptan ('Zomig', 311C90), a novel dual central and peripheral 5HT1B/1D agonist: an overview of efficacy.
Cephalalgia 1997;17(Suppl):28-40.